Seed
Pollen
Pollination
Fertilization
7 Ovulate cone (upside)
2 Leaf growth (lateral)
8 Ovulate-seed cone
6 Ovulate cone (lateral)
4 Leaf development (upside)
Cycas revoluta Thunb.
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15 Pollen cone; leaf growth
12 Snake
9 Ｓｅｅd cone
16 Pollen cone (lateral)
10 Seed cone; leaf growth
14 Pollen cone
11 Ovules
31 Swimming A
28 Discharge A
25 Pollen tubes
32 Swimming B
26 Pollen tube; sperm A
30 Sperm in pollen tube
27 Pollen tube; sperm B
23 Sperm induction, possible
20 Pollination drop A
17 Pollen cone (upside)
24 Sperm induction, impossible
18 Pollen cone; leaves eaten
22Archegonial chamber
19 Pollination
39 Seed germination
36 Sperm entry to egg I
33 Neck cells, archegonial
40 Typhoon at habitat area
34 Opened neck cells
38 Sperm entry to egg III
35 Sperm near neck cells
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3 Leaf growth (lateral, enlarged)
Notes
8-10：Same individual; leaf growth is in the following year.
13：Taken using an infrared camera.
14,15：Same individual; leaf growth in 15 is in the following year.
18：Pollen cone and leaf growth in the same year.
19：Bee visits; it is, however, suggested that pollination is mostly anemophilous.
20,21：Pollen is carried inside ovule by secreted liquid； taken indoors
at high humidity.
23,24：Sperm can be induced by applying 10 % sucrose solution; this is only
possible when pollen tubes are submerged in secreted liquid.
25-38:：All sperm taken were induced by the application of the sucrose solution.
36-38：Events in a series are divided into three movies (real speed）.
39：Taken indoors.
1 Habitat (beach)
5 Leaf elongation
13 Mouse
21 Pollination drop B
29 Discharge B
37 Sperm entry to egg II
Shoot apex
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